This picture is worth more than my thousand words.
Economists understand that self-sufficiency is generally not a good idea: it’s one of the first things we teach in microeconomics.
But … examples are hard to come by.
Thomas Thwaites has produced a tremendous one.
He’s built a toaster. Just one. From scratch. Zero used parts.
The photo is priceless:
Thwaites has an interesting site on which he discusses the construction in some detail. He’s getting a masters in design from the Royal College of Art, which perhaps explains his perspective:
… Looking at toasters in relation to global industry, at a moment in time when the effects of our industry are no longer trivial compared to the insignificant when our, [sic] they seem unreasonable. I think our position is ambiguous - the scale of industry involved in making a toaster [etc.] is ridiculous but at the same time the chain of discoveries and small technological developments that occurred along the way make it entirely reasonable.
To an economist, this argument is fatuous (no matter how fascinating I find his project’s commentary).
Thwaites spent about $2000 (plus the unknown opportunity cost of his own labor). The toaster he emulated retails for about $7.
His point is that businesses incur internal costs and large negative externalities in the creation of consumer products. No doubt.
His point is also that consumer desire for the product at the retail price isn’t justifiable to society at large. This is only true if the externalities are large, since the consumer implicitly agrees that the internalized costs are worthwhile.
So, what’s the value of the negative externalities of creating a toaster? I can’t say for sure. Perhaps a buck, but I think probably quite a bit less than that.
For the toaster industry to be “bad”, it’s necessary to argue that the elimination of $2000 in per unit costs is outweighed by those negative externalities. You’d need to be rather blinkered to make that argument.
And note that I’m not counting the positive externalities of modern toasters. The value of homes not burned down because of improvements in toasters over the years is surely not an insignificant amount.
Via New Scientist.